Heart attack

 If you have any questions about heart attacks or know someone who has had one, here’s a quick summary of everything you need to know about the condition and risk factors.

Heart Attack Symptoms:

1.If you experience chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, a discharge from an abdomen or throat, indigestion or diarrhea, chest pains can last longer than they used to. 

2. You may notice a fever that is accompanied by shaking chills and sweating. This is the start of your signs or symptoms.       3. They usually begin within a day after the attack or shortly before. During this time you may feel tired which makes it even more difficult to stand and move around.               4. Your blood pressure may increase, with a drop in systolic blood pressure. 

5. A sudden drop or rise in blood pressure could be due to anything including stress, taking medicine for something, or not eating enough food. 

6. The heart muscles tighten around the area where the attack occurred, causing a narrowing or stiffness which causes chest pain or discomfort. 

   Heart Attack Prevention & Treatment:

If you suspect that you may have had a heart attack but do not see any symptoms, then you should seek medical treatment. When you are suffering from a heart attack, the oxygen-carrying vessels called the arteries become clogged up with cholesterol. That means, if this happens to a person without a history of heart disease, these arteries do not carry enough oxygen and, as a result, blood starts to pool on the surface area and fills up the inner lining of the artery wall. Blood pressure drops and blood flows back through the system like it never got a chance to escape. Most blood travels through the arteries back into the heart where it goes to pump out all it could.

Heart Attack Diagnosis:

This stage isn’t easy to understand. There are no laboratory tests that are done to show how fast blood flow and blood pressure is going to rise from the heart. To diagnose a heart attack, you must receive a medical test which will reveal the type of damage, whether that’s caused from a blockage or abnormal cholesterol. Another way a doctor can figure things out is by looking at the shape and size of your heart, the amount of blood coming and going, and the color of your skin. Once you know what your condition has been and how it started, the next step is to look at the damages that can be done to your heart that could cause a future heart attack. These include high blood pressure, clogged arteries, blockages, or inflammation inside of the heart muscle which is known as atherosclerosis. If the blood vessel that you notice is blocked this could mean there could be a problem with the valves or blockages could occur, resulting in blockages and high blood pressure which could affect your mind, thinking, and thinking abilities. At most doctors are able to diagnose these things with x-rays and blood pressure tests. Sometimes your doctor can tell that the damage was caused by previous infections, certain medications you or other people taking, or a family history of the same. Some doctors may also find that you had a stroke, a brain injury, or certain medical conditions were behind, which could result in the heart being damaged. Even though there is always another test that doctors run when trying to figure out if your heart attack was caused by cholesterol or not, it’s still important to get checked regularly and possibly see a specialist if needed.

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Heart Attack Tests:

Some people may find it easier to get a diagnosis before getting a doctor for testing, and it may be worth it to get the results early. It is just a diagnostic procedure that takes place in the lab and does not take place in person. An echocardiogram, an ultrasound of the chest, is a good idea especially if you know you had a recent myocardial infraction (heart attack). Electrocardiograms and X-rays are very helpful if someone knows what caused a blood clot and its location inside the heart and chest. Electrocardiograms are used to check for electrical activity throughout the body such as if someone drinks alcohol or smokes marijuana regularly. When you have an electrocardiogram, the monitor shows how much of the electrical activity is happening throughout your chest and body. One area that should be checked is over the sternal area because it shows the level of blood flow and how big the heart is compared to the rest of the body. 

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In order to make sure your heart isn’t leaking blood and you are not bleeding between each other, a blood clot should not be present too. For women, a pregnancy test should be taken to check for preterm labor, which can lead to a blood clot as well. If a pregnant woman has an STI or has recently given birth, she needs to wait 3 days for the test to give you an answer. 

The most common reason for an echocardiogram to be taken is a suspected heart attack. Other reasons to be tested are if you have had surgery, are struggling with asthma, or something else serious like a low blood sugar or diabetes. 

The two main stages of echocardiography are looking at the left ventricle (the upper chamber of the chest) and looking at the right ventricle (the lower chamber of the chest). 

To check the left ventricle, a long, thin tube is inserted into your back, down your spine, and you lie on the floor.

● As you lie on the floor, you place the tube between your ribs, moving slowly towards the chest to take pictures of it on both sides as it moves.

● On your side to your left, you place the tube under your right arm and turn slightly to help it reach the right rib cage area. 

● Do not bend or squeeze your arm. Using a soft band, tie your arms with knots above your elbows. 

● Now place a strap with tape on your chest to record your movements and make sure your camera is close to your mouth. 

● The probe should stay in the air just above your ribs. 

Move on to the right ventricle, which looks like it’s flat, and insert the tube in between your ribs.

● Place the probe on top of the chest so your chin covers it. The probes should go to your middle ear and your forehead. 

● Make sure you keep them open during the exam. 

● Turn the camera right in your best position so the tip of your nose and ears are visible in the image. 

● Next, place the images on a computer and check to see if the images look good. 

● Don’t panic, your doctor and nurse can check them to see what is wrong.

  ● Adjust your head to change your position while holding the device in each hand. 

● Tighten the band or knots on your arms to ensure they don’t slip or snap. 

● Try turning the probe in the opposite direction of the movement it made. This should reverse.

● Adjust to a comfortable position as far as possible if it feels like you are sitting up straight.

● Look at the screen and keep your eyes closed until they are opened up again. Remember, a normal echocardiogram should show a normal heart with normal blood vessels and muscle. 

● Check the image in detail and watch for changes in your heartbeat if possible. 

● Be prepared to wait a few minutes if you haven’t already.

●  Breathe deeply. 

● Slow your breathing until your lungs are calm and clear.

● Let your heart relax and do your best to push the echocardiogram out of your chest into your hands.

 Your health care professional should do so in a quiet room which doesn’t have loud sounds. Then they take a biopsy, which is a sample of the tissue under the echocardiogram, and sends it to the labs. A pathologist examines the sample and discusses with you what could have happened. Depending on how the damage was caused, he will also ask you some questions to try to explain the damage. If you have any questions at this point, have an echocardiogram done, and let your health care professional know what you think. He will give you a detailed explanation of the whole process and can advise you on whether to have your next appointment.

Heart Attack Surgery:

If necessary, surgical procedures like angioplasty (used for blockages and narrowed arteries), stent surgery (used to close off clogged arteries), or valve surgery can be considered to treat heart problems caused by blockages, strokes, infections, or severe disease. While there is no surgery that is entirely permanent, some surgeries may be needed if heart muscle and heart muscle tissue begin to weaken after a heart attack.

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